Computer basics: hardware and software
What a computer is, CPU, memory, storage, input/output and the difference between hardware and software.
Objectives
- Name the main parts of a desktop or laptop
- Tell hardware from software
- Explain why RAM is not the same as a hard disk
Skills: Digital literacy · Hardware · Software
What a computer does
A computer takes input, processes it, stores results when needed, and shows output. The same idea applies to a laptop, a phone and a shop billing PC. You do not need to memorise brand names. Remember the four jobs: input, process, store, output.
Hardware you can touch
Hardware is the physical machine: CPU, RAM, storage, keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer and speakers. The CPU follows instructions. RAM is working memory while programs run. Storage (SSD or hard disk) keeps files after you shut down. Input devices include keyboard and mouse. Output devices include monitor, printer and speakers.
Software you cannot touch
Software is the set of instructions. The operating system (Windows, Linux, macOS, Android) manages files, users and running programs. Application software is what you open for work: a browser, Word, Excel, a billing app. You cannot run application software without an operating system underneath.
Basic troubleshooting
Before calling anyone: check power, cables and whether Caps Lock is on. Restart the machine once. If a program freezes, close it from Task Manager / system monitor. Do not download “fix” tools from unknown websites. This classroom does not claim to replace a technician for hardware faults.